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Rectal prolapse is a condition in which the rectum moves outside the anus. This can cause a range of symptoms for patients, including bleeding, constipation, and fecal incontinence. We offer multiple surgical options for this condition.
Information About Rectal Prolapse
What is Rectal Prolapse and When Does Rectal Prolapse Occur?
Rectal prolapse is a condition in which the part of the large intestine called the rectum moves or slips downward inside the anus. This condition can be a result of weakened muscles. Weakened muscles in this area naturally occur with aging, but some factors may accelerate this weakening, including chronic constipation and childbirth. Rectal prolapse is more common in people over the age of 50, particularly women, but can occur in patients of all ages. This condition may produce symptoms similar to those produced by hemorrhoids, but a rectal prolapse cannot resolve itself. Surgical treatment is required to address the issue and resolve symptoms for patients.
Rectal Prolapse Signs and Symptoms
There are several symptoms related to rectal prolapse that patients may notice pre-diagnosis. These include a feeling of pressure in the affected area, a feeling of material being left over after bowel movements, leakage of fluids from the anus including mucus and blood, pain and itching in the anus, and the presence of a red mass protruding from the anus.
Rectal prolapse may initially be confused for hemorrhoids. However, while symptoms of hemorrhoids may resolve with minimal treatment, the symptoms accompanying a rectal prolapse are only able to be addressed with surgical treatment. A rectal prolapse that is left untreated may lead to more serious or uncomfortable conditions, including constipation, fecal incontinence, ulcers, and an “incarcerated” rectum, which cannot be pushed back inside the body and may lose blood supply as a result, possibly leading to tissue death.
How to Prevent Rectal Prolapse
Preventing rectal prolapse involves maintaining strong pelvic floor and anal sphincter muscles, supporting healthy bowel habits, and addressing conditions that increase risk, such as chronic constipation, pelvic organ prolapse, or prior abdominal procedures. To reduce the risk of developing a prolapsed rectum, patients should:
- Avoid straining during bowel movements
- Practice proper hydration and fiber intake
- Consider pelvic floor exercises to strengthen the anterior rectal wall, pelvic muscles, and anal sphincter
Early recognition of internal intussusception, mucosal prolapse, or overt rectal prolapse allows timely evaluation by rectal surgeons and may prevent untreated rectal prolapse from worsening constipation, fecal incontinence, rectal bleeding, or sexual dysfunction. For patients at higher risk, such as those with colorectal disease, cystic fibrosis, or sigmoid colon issues, careful attention to bowel habits and follow-up with colorectal surgery experts can help preserve bowel function, protect rectal tissue and anal sphincter muscles, and reduce the likelihood of needing rectal prolapse surgery.
Colon and Rectal Surgery For Rectal Prolapse
There are multiple surgical options available to treat rectal prolapse, all of which our Board-Certified Anorectal Experts are highly trained in. Which surgical option is best for you depends on your condition and will be decided at your consultation.
Abdominal Approach (rectopexy) returns the rectum to its original anatomical position. Permanent stitches will be utilized to secure the rectum in place, which will keep it stationary while scar tissue develops. The scar tissue will then provide permanent support. This is a highly successful procedure for cases of complete rectal prolapse. Depending on the patient’s needs, open abdominal surgery may take place. The other option is laparoscopic surgery, which utilizes tiny “keyhole” incisions and the use of a very small, advanced camera. A section of the colon may sometimes be removed depending on whether the patient has a notable history of constipation without relief.
Perineal Approach is an option for patients who cannot receive abdominal surgery. During this procedure, the prolapse is approached through the anus, rather than through the abdomen. Epidural anesthesia may be utilized instead of general anesthesia. This is also an option for patients who are experiencing a more minor prolapse.
What To Expect After Rectal Prolapse Surgery
Recovery time should be expected after a surgical procedure, and some pain may occur during the healing period. Our experts will work with you to determine an aftercare plan and ensure that your recovery from rectal prolapse surgery is as smooth as possible. If any additional complications occur, don’t hesitate to contact our office to discuss further steps.